GATE 2013-14
CHEMISTRY (CY) SYLLABUS
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY:
- Structure:Quantum theory:principles & techniques;applications to a particle in a box, harmonic oscillator,rigid rotor & hydrogen atom; valence bond & molecular orbital theories, Hückel approximation; approximate techniques: variation and perturbation; symmetry, point groups; rotational, vibrational, electronic, NMR, and ESR spectroscopy
- Equilibrium:Kinetic theory of gases; First law of thermodynamics, heat, energy, and work; second law of thermodynamics and entropy; third law and absolute entropy; free energy; partial molar quantities; ideal & non-ideal solutions;phase transformation: phase rule and phase diagrams –one, two, and three component systems;activity, activity coefficient, fugacity, and fugacity coefficient; chemical equilibrium, response of chemical equilibrium to temperature & pressure; colligative properties; Debye-Hückel theory; thermodynamics of electrochemical cells; standard electrode potentials: applications – corrosion and energy conversion; molecular partition function (translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic).
- Kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions, temperature dependence of chemical reactions; elementary, consecutive, & parallel reactions;steady state approximation; theories of reaction rates – collision and transition state theory, relaxation kinetics, kinetics of photochemical reactions & free radical polymerization,homogeneous catalysis, adsorption isotherms and heterogeneous catalysis.
- Main group elements:General characteristics,allotropes,structure & reactions of simple and industrially important compounds: boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes. Hydrides, oxides and oxoacids of pnictogens (N, P), chalcogens (S, Se & Te) and halogens, xenon compounds, pseudo halogens & interhalogen compounds.Shapes of molecules & hard- soft acid base concept. Structure & Bonding (VBT) of B, Al, Si, N, P, S, Cl compounds. Allotropes of carbon: graphite, diamond, C60. Synthesis and reactivity of inorganic polymers of Si and P.
- Transition Elements:General characteristics of d and f block elements; coordination chemistry: structure and isomerism, stability, theories of metal- ligand bonding (CFT and LFT),mechanisms of substitution & electron transfer reactions of coordination complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic properties of transition metal complexes, lanthanides & actinides.Metal carbonyls, metal- metal bonds and metal atom clusters, metallocenes; transition metal complexes with bonds to hydrogen,alkyls, alkenes & arenes; metal carbenes; use of organometallic compounds as catalysts in organic synthesis. Bioinorganic chemistry of Na, K. Mg, Ca, Fe, Co, Zn, Cu andMo.
- Solids:Crystal systems and lattices,miller planes,crystal packing, crystal defects; Bragg’s Law, ionic crystals, band theory, metals and semiconductors, Different structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 compounds, spinels.
- Instrumental methods of analysis:Atomic absorption & emission spectroscopy including ICP-AES, UV- visible spectrophotometry, NMR, mass, Mossbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn), ESR spectroscopy, chromatography including GC and HPLC and electro-analytical methods (Coulometry, cyclic voltammetry, polarography – amperometry, and ion selective electrodes).
- Stereochemistry:Chirality of organic molecules with or without chiral centres. Specification of configuration in compounds having one or more stereogenic centres. Enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces. Stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis. Conformational analysis of acyclic & cyclic compounds. Geometrical isomerism. Configurational & conformational effects on reactivity &selectivity/specificity.
- Reaction mechanism:Methods of determining reaction mechanisms. Nucleophilic & electrophilic substitutions & additions to multiple bonds. Elimination reactions. Reactive intermediates- carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes, free radicals. Molecular rearrangements involving electron deficient atoms.
- Organic synthesis:Synthesis,reactions,mechanisms & selectivity involving the following- alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, halides, nitro compounds and amines. Use of compounds of Mg, Li, Cu, B and Si in organic synthesis. Concepts in multistep synthesis- retrosynthetic analysis, disconnections, synthons, synthetic equivalents, reactivity umpolung, selectivity, protection and deprotection of functional groups.
- Pericyclic reactions:Electrocyclic,cycloaddition & sigmatropic reactions.Orbital correlation, FMO and PMO treatments.
- Photochemistry:Basic principles.Photochemistry of alkenes,carbonyl compounds, and arenes. Photooxidation and photoreduction. Di-p- methane rearrangement, Barton reaction.
- Heterocyclic compounds:Structure, preparation,properties & reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole and their derivatives.
- Biomolecules:Structure,properties & reactions of mono- & di-saccharides, physico chemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids.
- Spectroscopy:Principles and applications of UV-visible,IR,NMR and Mass spectrometry in the determination of structures of organic molecules.
0 comments:
Post a Comment