GRADUATE APTITUDE TEST FOR ENGINEERING
GATE SYLLABUS
GATE SYLLABUS
TEXTILE ENGG & FIBER SCIENCE (TF)
- Linear Algebra:Matrices & Determinants,Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
- Calculus:Limit,continuity and differentiability;Partial Derivatives;Maxima and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence; Fourier series.
- Vector Calculus:Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
- Differential Equations:Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs –Laplace, heat and wave equations.
- Probability & Statistics: Mean, median, mode & standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.
- Numerical Methods:Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations.
- Textile Fibres:Classification of textile fibres;Essential requirements of fibre forming polymers; Gross and fine structure of natural fibres like cotton, wool and silk. Introduction to important bastfibres; properties and uses of natural and man-made fibres; physical and chemical methods of fibre and blend identification and blend analysis.
- Molecular architecture:amorphous & crystalline phases,glass transition, plasticization, crystallization,melting,factors affecting Tg & Tm;Process of viscose & acetate preparation.Polymerization of nylon-6,nylon-66,poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly acrylonitrile and polypropylene; Melt Spinning processes, characteristic features of PET, polyamide and polypropylene spinning; wet and dry spinning of viscose and acrylic fibres; post spinning operations such as drawing, heat setting, tow-to-top conversion and different texturing methods.
- Methods of investigating fibre structure:Density,X-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical & electron microscopy, I.R. absorption,thermal methods (DSC, DMA/TMA, TGA); structure and morphology ofman-made fibres, mechanical properties of fibres, moisture sorption in fibres; fibre structure and property correlation.
- Yarn manufacture & yarn structure & properties:Principles of opening, cleaning & mixing/ blending of fibrous materials, working principle of modern opening and cleaning equipments; the technology of carding, carding of cotton & synthetic fibres; Drafting operation, roller and apron drafting principle, causes of mass irregularity introduced by drafting; roller arrangements in drafting systems; principles of cotton combing, combing cycle, mechanism and function, combing efficiency, lap preparation; recent developments in comber; Roving production, mechanism of bobbin building, roving twist; Principle of ring spinning,forces acting on yarn & traveler;ring & traveler designs;mechanism of cop formation, causes of end breakages; working principle of ring doubler and two for one twister, single and folded yarn twist, properties of double yarns, production of core spun yarn, compact spinning, principle of non conventional methods of yarn production such as rotor spinning, air jet spinning, wrap spinning, twist less spinning and friction spinning.
- Yarn contraction:yarn diameter, specific volume & packing coefficient; twist strength relationship in spun yarns; fibre configuration and orientation in yarn; cause of fibre migration and its estimation, irregularity index, properties of ring, rotor and air-jet yarns.
- Fabric manufacture & Fabric Structure:Principles of cheese & cone winding processes & machines;random & precision winding;package faults & their remedies; yarn clearers & tensioners;different systems of yarn splicing; features of modern cone winding machines; different types of warping creels; features of modern beam & sectional warping machines;different sizing systems,sizing of spun & filament yarns, modern sizing machines; principles of pirn winding processes and machines; primary & secondary motions of loom, effect of their settings and timings on fabric formation, fabric appearance and weaving performance; dobby and jacquard shedding; mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle; warp & weft stop motions,warp protection, weft replenishment; functional principles of weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines, principles of multiphase and circular looms.
- Principles of weft & warp knitting:basic weft & warp knitted structures. Classification, production & areas of application of nonwoven fabrics.Basic woven fabric constructions & their derivatives; crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth constructions. Peirce’s equations for fabric geometry; elastica model of plain woven fabrics; thickness, cover and maximum sett of woven fabrics.
- Textile Testing:Sampling techniques, sample size and sampling errors. Measurement of fibre length,fineness, crimp, strength & reflectance;measurement of cotton fibre maturity & trash content; HVI & AFIS for fibre testing. Measurement of yarn count, twist & hairiness; tensile testing of fibres, yarns and fabrics; evenness testing of slivers, rovings & yarns; testing equipment for measurement test methods of fabric properties like thickness, compressibility, air permeability,drape,crease recovery, tear strength, bursting strength and abrasion resistance. FAST and Kawabata instruments and systems for objective fabric evaluation.Statistical data analysis of experimental results. Correlation analysis, significance tests & analysis of variance; frequency distributions and control charts.
- Preparatory Processes:Chemistry & practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk. Mercerization of cotton.Preparatory processes for nylon, polyester and acrylic and polyester/cotton blends.
- Dyeing:Classification of dyes. Dyeing of cotton, wool,silk, polyester, nylon & acrylic with appropriate dye classes. Dyeing polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends. Batchwise and continuous dyeing machines. Dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics & machines used. Dye fibre interaction. Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing.Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness.Evaluation of fastness properties with the help of grey scale.
- Printing:Styles of printing. Printing thickeners including synthetic thickeners. Printing auxiliaries. Printing of cotton with reactive dyes. Printing of wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes. Printing of polyester with disperse dyes. Methods of dye fixation after printing. Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester. Printing of polyester/ cotton blends with disperse/reactive combination.Transfer printing of polyester. Developments in inkjet printing.
- Finishing:Mechanical finishing of cotton.Stiff.Soft,wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant & enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton.Milling, decatizing & shrink resistant finishing of wool.Antistat finishing of synthetic fibre fabrics. Heat setting of polyester.
- Energy Conservation: Minimum application techniques.
- Pollution:Environment pollution during chemical processing of textiles.Treatment of textile effluents.