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Free body Diagram and Equilibrium; Trusses and Frames; Stress and Strains in Two Dimension; Mohr’s Construction; Beams – Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagram; Bending and Shear Stress Distribution; Torsion of Shafts; Thin and Thick Walled Pressure Vessels; Euler’s Theory of Column. Leaf and Helical springs.
2. Theory of Machines
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration of Plane Mechanisms (Maximum 6 Links), Kliens’ Construction; Law of Gearing, Gear Tooth Profile, Epicyclic Gear Trains; Motion Analysis of Cam and Followers; Balancing of Rotating Masses, Reciprocating Masses – Hammer Blow, Tractive Effort and Swaying Couple; Power Transmission by Belt Drive; Analysis of Simple Band, Block, Band and Block Brakes; Dynamometers; Free Vibrating of Single Degree of Freedom Systems; Whirling of Shafts; Gyroscopic Stability of Shaft, Ship and Aeroplane.
3. Design of Machine Elements
Design Concepts; Theories of Failure; Design for Static and Dynamic Loading, Design of Bolted, Rivetted and Welded Joints; Design of Shaft and Coupling.
4. Production Engineering
Merchant’s Force Analysis, Tool Life and Tool Wear; Cutting fluids,Machinability and Machining Economics; Principles of Non-Traditional Machining Processes – EDM, ECM, USM & Laser; Principles of Design of Jigs and Fixtures; Limits, Fits and Tolerances; Comparators ,Gauge Design; Measurement of Surface Roughness; Interferometry; Acceptance Test of Machine Tools.
5. Production Management
Production Planning and Control; Forecasting Models; Aggregate Production Planning; Material Requirement Planning; Inventory Control – ABC Analysis, EOQ Model; Linear Programming – Simplex Method, Transportation & Assignment Model; Simple Queuing Models; PERT & CPM; Quality Control in Manufacturing, Control Charts for Variables & Attributes.
Note : Use of Design Data Book is permitted.
Mechanical Engineering ( Code No . 11 ) Paper - II
1. Thermodynamics
Steady Flow Energy Equation; Entropy and Irreversibility; Availability and Available Energy; Detailed Analysis of Thermodynamic Cycles and their Limitations.
2. Fluid Mechanics and Machines
Continuity, Momentum and Energy Equations; Flow net; Turbulent Flow through Pipes; Velocity Distribution in Laminar and Turbulent Flow; Dimensional Analysis; Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate; Adiabatic & Isontropic Flow of Compressible Fluids; Classification of Hydraulic Turbines and Pumps; Specific Speed; Impulse and Reaction Turbines; Velocity Diagrams.
3. Heat Transfer, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Critical Thickness of Insulation; Conduction through Walls and Pipes; Heat Transfer from Fins; Dimensionless Numbers; Free & Forced Convection; Heat Exchange by Radiation between black and Gray Surfaces; Electrical Analogy; Heat Exchanger Classification; Effectiveness; LMTD and NTU Methods; Fouling Factor. Vapour Compression and Vapour Absorption Systems and their Cycle Analysis; Nomenclature, Properties and Characteristics of Important Refrigerants; Ozone Friendly Refrigerants; Human Comfort and ASHRAE Comfort Charts; Estimation of Air-Conditioning Loads.
4. Energy Conversion Systems
Theories of Combustion in Compression Ignition and Spark Ignition Engines; Abnormal Combustion; Carburetion and Fuel Injection; Emissions from Engine and their Control; Modern Trends in IC Engines; Classification of Steam Turbines, Specific Speed, Velocity Triangles; Open and Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Plants; Nuclear Power Plants; Renewable Energy Sources.
5. Computer Aided Engineering
Introduction to CAD, 2D and 3D Drawing Concepts; Computer Aided Manufacturing – NC and CNC Machines, Methods of Part Programming; Elements of Robotics and Automated Material Handling System; FMS and Expert System.
Note : Use of Steam Table and Psychometric Chart are permitted.
Determinate and Indeterminate Structures, Degrees of Freedom. Static and Kinematic indeterminacy , Principle of Superposition, Virtual Work, Energy theorem, Deflection of Trusses, Redundant Frames. Analysis of Determinate and Indeterminate Arches, their influence lines.Rolling loads, influence lines for Determinate Beams and Pin-jointed Frames. Mullar Breslau’s Principle and influence lines for Indeterminate Beams and Frames. Slope Deflection, Moment Distribution and Kani’s methods. Column Analogy, Energy Methods for analysis of indeterminate beams and frames. approximate methods for analysis of Rigi d Frames.Matrix Methods of analysis, Stiffness & Flexibility Matrices of Beams. Frames & Trusses, Elements of Plastic analysis.
2. Structural Design
Steel Design Factors of Safety and Load Factors.Rivetted and Welded connections of Members, Design of Tension,Compression and Flexural members, built-up beams and Plate Girder Slab and Guesseted Bases for Columns, Design of Roof Trusses. Purling and Coverings, Structural Steel tubes and their connections Industrial and Multi-Storyed Buildings Water tank and supporting tower’s design. Plastic Design of Continuous Beams & Frames.
R.C. Design Working Stress and Limit State methods for design of Rectangular, T and L Beams, Slabs and Columns. Isolated and Combined footings,Raft Foundations. Overhead, Resting on ground and Underground Water Tanks.Design of Bunkers and Silos.Methods and Systems of Prestressing, Anchorages. Losses in Prestress, Design of Prestressed Concrete Beams.
3 Construction Planning and Management
Detailed estimates, specifications, analysis & rates of various works in civil engineering .Construction activity , work break down structures , scheduling through CPM and PERT analysis , cost optimization through network construction, Float times, Bar charts , Project control and supervision , cost reduction measures, Cost analysis and resource allocation ,Fundamentals of engineering economics , methods of appraisal ,present work, annual costs , benefit cost analysis, Types of tenders and contract conditions .
4. Environmental Engineering
Water Demand–Per capita Demand, Population Estimation methods Water Quality Criteria for various uses viz. Domestic & Non -Domestic, Irrigation effects & significance of important parameters and permissible concentration as per relevant standards. Transmission of Water-relative merits & demerits of various pipes viz C.I. G.I. Mild Steel. A.C. Pressure Pipes. Corrosion of Pipes -types & Methods of control System of distribution & layouts of distribution.
Unit Processes & Operations for Water Treatment viz, Objectives and Design criteria of Sedimentation, Coagulation, Flocculation, Chemical Sedimentation. Filtration ( slow sand & rapid sand), Disinfection, Softening.Quantity & Characterization of Domestic Sewage-significance of B.O.D., C.O.D., D.O. ,Solids. T.O.C. , N.O.D. Effluent Standards, River Standards. Sewage System-Design of Sewer & Storm Sewer, Sewage Pumps.Design of Screens, Grit Chamber. Design of Primary Sedimentation tank.Design of Biological Treatment Units viz Trickling filters, Activated Sludge Treatment & Secondary Sedimentation tank. Waste Stabilization Ponds-Aerobic, Anaerobic & Facultative Ponds,design criteria and principles.Sludge Treatment-Digestion & Sludge Disposal. Septic Tanks-design criteria & working Self Purification of Streams-oxygen sag curve.Types of Pollution- Sources & effects of various pollution viz., Water, Air, Land & Noise, Relevant standards.Rural Sanitation, Solid Waste-collection & disposal.
Civil Engineering ( Code No. 09 ) Paper-II
1. Water Resources Engineering
Water Resources in the Globe, Available Fresh Water. Need for Optimum use of Available water, Schemes for Drinking, Irrigation, Hydro Power, Multipurpose Schemes. Irrigation-Necessity, Scope, Benefits & Effects. Methods & Systems of Irrigation, their efficiencies. Water Distribuion & Scheduling techniques. Crop Water Requirements, Evapotranspiration, Consumptive Use, Duty, Delta, Base Period their relation, Crop Rotation, Quality of Irrigation Water. Hydrology-Hydrological Cycle, Precipitation–Types, Measurement,Raingauge Network, Analysis of Precipitation Data, Dependability Analysis, Unit Hydrograph, Summation & Synthetic Hydrographs,Design Flood by UH & Frequency Studies.
Ground Water-Class & Availability of Soil Moisture. Aquifers-Confined & Unconfined. Open & Tube Wells, Radial Flow in Wells,Depuit’s Theory. Darey’s Law, Seepage Analysis using Flow Nets. Yield of Wells, determination.
Storage Scheme-Reservoir Planning, Capacity, Yield, Life. Gravity & Earthen Dams. Forces Acing, Modes of Failure, Stability Criteria, Design. Galleries. Shafts. Joints in Gravity Dams. Foundation Treatment.Spillways, Types, Design of Ogee & Syphon Spil lways. Energy Dissipating Devices, Design of Stilling Basins.
Diversion Schemes-Structures on Pervious Formations, Bligh’s &Khosla’s Theory, Hydraulic Jump, Design of Vertical Drop Weir &Barrage.Distribution System-Canals–Classification, Layout,Alignment,Capacity, Design of Canals. Silt Theories, Canal Regulation Structures. Design of Head & Cross Regulators, Canal Falls, CrossDrainage Works, and Outlets, Escapes.Water Logging-Causes, Effects, Remedial Measures, Losses in Canals, Canal Lining, Types. Advantages, Conjunctive use of Surface & Ground Water. River Training-Objective & Methods, Concepts of Hydro PowerProjects.
2. Transportation Engineering
Railways-Permanent Way, Sleepers, Rail Fastenings, Ballast, Points & Crossings, different types of Turn Outs.Stations and Yards, Turn Tables, Signals and Interlocking, Level Crossing.Maintenance of Track, Super-elevation, Creep of Rails, Ruling Gradients, Track Resistance. Tractive Efforts, Curve Resistance .
Highways & Airports-Principles of Highway Planning, Highway Alignments.Geometrical design, Cross-section. Camber, Super-elevation.Horizontal and Vertical curves. Classification of Roads.Design and Construction of Flexible and Rigid pavements for Highway and Airfields.Evaluation of Pavement Failure and Strengthening, Drainage of Roads.Traffic Engineering : Traffic Surveys, Highway Capacity, Intersections,Rotary Design Elements, Signs, Signals and Markings. Selection of Airport Sites, Windrose Diagram & Runway Orientation.Run way and Taxiway Geometric and Lighting.
Bridge Engineering-Selection of Site, Design Data collection,Hydraulic Design, Scour Depth for Bridge Foundation, Economic Span.Type of Road and Railway Bridges, Design Loads and Forces, Impact Factor, Indian Loading Standards. Super Structure & Sub Structure, Abutments, Piers, Wing Walls,Return Approaches.
3. Geotechnical Engineering
Index Properties of Soil, Classification of Soils. Clay Minerals. Capillary Water, Permeability, Factors Affecting Permeability , Lab and field methods. Permeability of stratified soil deposits.Seepage Pressure, Quick Sand Condition, Flow Net, its properties & uses.Stess distributioin in soils, Boussinesq’s theory. Newmark’s Chart. Consolidation and Settlement : Terzaghi’s theory, Consolidation test. Settlement computiation. Time Settlement cureve. Compaction tests & their significance, factors affecting compaction. Shear Strength Parameters, Shear Tests, Mohr Coulomb’s failure theory, Skempton’s Pore Pressure coefficients.Earth Pressure at rest, Active and Passive Pressures, Rankine’s and Coulomb’s theory. Bearing capacity, Terzaghi’s analysis, factors affecting Bearing Capacity, Plate Load Test.
Conservative force field and potential energy, Gravitational potential, Motion under central force , Kepler’s Law, Centre of mass and laboratory coordinate system. Coriolis force and its application’s, Conservation of linear and angular momentum, Inertial and non inertial Frams, Michelson - Morley experiment and its implications.Galilian transformation, Lorentz transformation, length contraction,time dilation, velocity addition theorem. Variation of mass with velocity, mass energy equivalence, particle with zero rest mass.
2. Thermal & Statistical Physics
Maxwell's relations and their applications. Cooling by Adiabatic demagnetization. Einstein & Debye theory of specific heat of solids, concept of phonons. Statistical basis of thermodynamics, constrains, accessible and inaccessible states, distribution of particles with a given total energy into a discrete set of energy states. Probability and entropy, Boltzmann entropy relation, Mexwellian Distribution of Speeds and velocities .Doppler's broadening of spectral lines.
3. Optics
Michelson interferometer.Fabry perot interferometer Holography & its simple applications Diffraction grating , Concave grating and its different mountings. Double refraction, optical rotation and rotation of plane of polarization.
4. Electricity and Electronics
AC circuits, complex numbers and their applications in solving AC circuit problems. Transmission of electric power , Magnetic force on moving Charge , Biot Sevart law, Ampears Law, Theory of diodes, Types of diodes and their applications. Characteristics of transistors, h parameters, bias stability, thermal runaway. FET: JFET and MOSFET, their construction, working and uses.
5. Sound and Acoustics
Speed of transverse waves in a uniform string. Speed of longitudinal waves in a fluid. Energy density and energy transmission in waves. Diffraction of sound. Principle of sonar system, ranging. Noise and music, intensity and loudness and their units, transducers and their characteristics. Recording and reproduction of sound. Acoustics of halls, reverberation period, Sabine formula.
Physics (Code No. 06) Paper - II
1.Quantum Mechanics
De-Broglies Hypothesis, Heisenberg uncertainty relation for p and x, its extension to energy and time, consequences of uncertainty relation., gamma ray microscope, particle in a box. Schrodinger's equation, postulatory basis of quantum mechanics, operators, expectation values, transition probabilities, application to a particle in one and three dimensional boxes, harmonic oscillator.
2. Atomic Spectra
Hydrogen atom, natural occurrence of n, l and m quantum numbers, the related physical quantities, comparision with Bohr's theory. Spectra of hydrogen, deutron and alkali atoms, spectral terms, doublet fine structure, screening constants for alkali spectra for s, p d and f states, selection rules, singlet and triplet fine structure in alkaline earth spectra, L-S coupling and J-J coupling, fine strcture of hydrogen atom.
3. Molecular Spectra and Spectroscopy
Discrete set of electronic energies of molecules, quantization of vibrational and rotational energies, determination of inter nuclear distance, pure rotational and rotation - vibration spectra. Dissociation limits for the ground and other electronic states, transition rules for pure vibration and electronic vibration spectra. Raman effect. Stokes and antistokes lines, complementry character of Raman and infrared spectra, experimental arrangement for Raman spectroscopy. Fluorescence & phosphorescence.
4. Solid State Physics
Lattices : Lattice types, lattice planes. Common crystal structures Laue's theory of X-ray diffraction, Bragg's Law, electrons in periodic potential; nearly free electron model (qualitative), energy bands, energy gap, metals, semiconductors, insulators, density of states, Fermi energy, Fermi velocity. Mobility of electrons and holes, Hall effect and Hall coefficient.
5. Nuclear Physics
Basic nuclear properties, general concepts of nuclear forces, working of nuclear detectors, G-M counter, proportional and scintillation counters, cloud chamber, spark chambers. Nuclear reactions, Q-value of nuclear reactions, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion (concepts), energy production in stars. Compound nucleus, direct reactions (concepts). Shell model, liquid drop model.
Symmetry elements and symmetry operations. Recognition of symmetry point group and symmetry elements in AB2 and AB3 molecules.
2. Atomic structure
Idea of de Broglie matter waves. Heisenberg's uncertainity principle, Schrodinger wave equation (time independent). Significance of ? and ? 2, particle in one-dimensional box, quantum numbers, radial and angular wave functions, shapes of s. p, d and orbitals, Aufbau principle, Hund's multiplicity rule, Pauli exclusion principle. Effective nuclear charge.
3. Chemical bonding
Ionic bond, percent ionic character from dipole moment & electronegativity difference, characteristics of ionic compounds, factors affecting stability of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born- Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments. Valency bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy. Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding in homonuclear and heteronuclear molecules: H2+, H2 to Ne2, NO, CO. The concept of hybridization, character of bonds, bond angles and bond length. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Metallic bonding.
4. Solid State
Forms of solids, law of constancy of interfacial angles, crystal systems & crystal classes (crystallographic groups). Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell. Laws of rational indices. Bragg's law. X-ray diffraction by crystals. Close packing, radious ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values. Structures of NaCl, CsCl, and KCl. crystal Imperfections in crystals. Elementary study of liquid crystals.
5. Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic systems, states & processes, work, heat & internal energy; first law of thermodynamics, work done on the systems and heat absorbed in different types of processes; calorimetry, energy and enthalpy changes in various processes and their temperature dependence.
Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various process, entropy–reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem and third law of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics derivations of -Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, law of mass action and Clapeyron-Clausius equations.
6. Electrochemistry
Conductivity and its applications to determine - Dissociation constant of weak electrolyte Solubility product of sparingly soluble salts Conductrometric titration. Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes.
Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells, fuel cells and batteries. Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface of metal and solvent; rate of charge transfer, current density; overpotential.
7. Chemical kinetics
Concentration dependence of rate of reaction; differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, and second order of reactions. Effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Collisions and transition state theories.
8. Photochemistry
Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.
9. Surface phenomena and catalysis
Absorption from gases & solutions on solid adsorbents,Freundlich & Langmuir adsorption isotherm; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.
10. Bio-inorganic chemistry
Essential and trace elements in biological processes, metalloporphyrins with special reference to haemoglobin and myoglobin. nitrogen fixation, oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins. Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions.
11. Coordination chemistry
Introduction to bonding theories in transition metal complexes:Valency bond theory, crystal field theory, Ligand field theory and molecular orbital theory.
Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes: Magnetic moment (spin only and with L-S coupling), orbital contribution to magnetic moment.
Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes: Spectroscopic ground and excited states, types of electronic transitions, selection rules for d-d transitions. Spectrochemical series.Orgel-energy level diagram for d1 to d9 states.
Isomerism in coordination compounds. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4,5 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.
Organometallic chemistry: Synthesis, structure and bonding in metal carbonyl complexes, metal olefin complexes and metal alkyne complexes. Oxidative addition reactions.
12. General chemistry of inner transition elements
Lanthanides and actinides: Occurrence, separation, oxidation states and magnetic properties; lanthanide contraction.
Chemistry (Code No. 05 ) paper-II
1. Reaction mechanisms
General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanism of organic reactions illustrated by examples–use of isotopes, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy diagrams of simple organic reactions–transition states and intermediates; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.
2. Reactive intermediates
Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carbonium ions, carbanions,free radicals, carbenes and benzynes.
Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited & ground states, singlet and triplet states, Jablonski diagram.Fluorescence and phosphorescence. Quantum yield and energy transfer process.
6. Organic spectroscopy
Problems pertaining to the structure elucidation of simple organic compounds using UV-visible, IR and NMR spectroscopy.
7. Heterocyclic compounds
Molecular orbital picture and aromatic characteristic of pyrrole, furane, thiophene and pyridene. Methods of synthesis and chemical reactions with particular emphasis on the mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Comparison of basicity of pyridene, piperidene and pyrrole. Preparation and reactions of indole, quinoline and iosquiniline.
8. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds
Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral compounds. Fischer projection formulae; optical isomerism of lactic & tartaric acids, enantiomerism & diastereoisomerism; configuration (relative and absolute); conformations of ethane and n-butane, and cyclohexane. D, L-and R, S-notations of compounds containing chiral centres; projection formulae-Fischer, Newman and Sawhorse of compounds containing two adjacent chiral centres; meso and dl-isomers, erythro and threo isomers; racemization nd resolution; geometrical isomers; E and Z notations.
9. Organometallic compounds
Preparation and synthetic uses of Grignard reagents, alkyl lithium compounds.
10. Active methylene compounds
Diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate-applications in organic synthesis; tautomerism (keto-enol).
11. Analytical chemistry
Errors in quantitative analysis, classification of errors, minimization of errors, precision and accuracy, significance of figures, co-precipitation and post-precipitation, optimum conditions for precipitation, choice of indicators in the acid –base titration, theories of indicators, principle of EDTA titration. Numerical questions on Quantitative estimation of pyrolusite, iodometry, silver coin, acid-base titration, redox titration.
MICROBIOLOGY,PATHOLOGY,PLANT GROUPS,MORPHOLOGY ANATOMY TAXONOMY & EMBRYOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS
1. Microbiology
Structure,classification, reproduction & economic importance of Virus,phytoplasma ( mycoplasma), bacteria and cyanobacteria.Microbes in industry and agriculture.
2. Plant Pathology
Knowledge of plant diseases caused by fungi, modes of infection and methods of control.
3. Plant Diversity
Structure, reproduction, life history, classification & economic importance of algae, fungi, bryophytes pteridophytes and gymnosperms.
4. Angiosperms
Tissue and tissue systems. Morphology & anatomy of root, stem and leaf. Developmental aspect and anomalous primary and secondary structures. Morphology of flower, structure of anther & ovule,micro sporogenesis and megasporogenesis, fertilization and embryo development. Seed development.
5. Taxonomy
Principles of nomenclature and classification of angiosperms.Modern trends in taxonomy. A general account of the following families :Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae (Leguminosae), Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae and Poaceae. Botanical gardens.
PAPER- II
Cell Biology, Genetics and Evolution, Plant Physiology, Ecology and Economic Botany 1. Cell Biology
Cell as unit of structure & function.Prokaryotic & eukerayotic cell.Ultra structure & functions of plasma membrane,endoplasmicreticulum,mitochondria, ribosomes chloroplasts and nucleusChromosomes : Structure, chemical nature and behaviour duringmitosis and meiosis. Special types of chromosomes.
2. Genetics and Evolution
Mendelism, concept of gene, structure and types of DNA and RNA,genetic code, protein synthesis and regulation. Theories of organicevolution and evidences.
3. Plant Physiology
Absorption & conduction of water.Transpiration,Mineral nutrition.Photosynthesis, Respiration, Photo respiration, Enzymes,Nitrogenmetabolism and fermentation. Growth, plant hormones and their functions. Photoperiodism. Seed dormancy and germination.
4. Ecology
Scope of Ecology, ecological factors,structure, function & dynamicsof Ecosystem. Plant communities and succession. Applied aspects ofecology including conservation, control of pollution and managementof natural resources. Endangered plants, endemism and red databook. Global warming, acid rains and ozone layer depletion.
5. Economic Botany
Plants as sources of food, fodder, fibers, spices, beverages, medicines and timber.
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